حلول التدريبات العملية 2 في الكهروستاتيكا

78. 19.2

أ. داخل الموصل تتحرك الإلكترونات وتكون شحنة الإلكترون سالبة.

تنتقل الشحنة السالبة من الجهد المنخفض إلى الجهد العالي. قبل توصيل الكرتين، جهد الكرة 2 هو  400V-  وجهد الكرة 1 هو 200V- ، وبالتالي ستنتقل الإلكترونات من الكرة 2 إلى الكرة 1. 

ب. نحسب شحنة كل من الكرتين بعد وقت طويل من توصيلهما : 

وطالما أن الجهد على الكرتين مختلف، فإن الشحنة ستتحرك بين الكرتين (من خلال السلك الموصل) حتى يتساوى الجهد علىيهما.

لذلك، بعد فترة طويلة من توصيل الكرتان، يبقى الجهد على الكرتين متساوٍ. 

نكتب معادلة بمجهولين «math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨20px¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»-«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#1493;«/mi»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#160;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«/mstyle»«/math» من مقارنة الجهد على الكرتين بعد مرور وقت طويل من توصيلهما:

«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»V«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»V«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mfrac mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«mrow»«menclose notation=¨updiagonalstrike¨»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»K«/mi»«/menclose»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#183;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«/mrow»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»R«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«/mfrac»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«mfrac mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«mrow»«menclose notation=¨updiagonalstrike¨»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»K«/mi»«/menclose»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#183;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«/mrow»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»R«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«/mfrac»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mfrac mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«mrow»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«/mrow»«mrow»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«mfrac mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»R«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»R«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«/mfrac»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«mfrac mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«mrow»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»0«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨».«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»18«/mn»«/mrow»«mrow»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»0«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨».«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»09«/mn»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«menclose mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨ notation=¨box¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»=«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#183;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«/menclose»«/math»

نكتب معادلة أخرى بالمجهولين:  «math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mstyle mathsize=¨20px¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»-«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#1493;«/mi»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#160;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«/mstyle»«/math» من قانون حفظ الشحنة:

«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»+«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»+«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»4«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#183;«/mo»«msup»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»10«/mn»«mrow mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»9«/mn»«/mrow»«/msup»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»+«/mo»«mstyle mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«mo stretchy=¨true¨»(«/mo»«mrow»«mo»-«/mo»«mn»4«/mn»«mo»§#183;«/mo»«msup»«mn»10«/mn»«mrow»«mo»-«/mo»«mn»9«/mn»«/mrow»«/msup»«/mrow»«mo stretchy=¨true¨»)«/mo»«/mstyle»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»+«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«menclose mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨ notation=¨box¨»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»8«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#183;«/mo»«msup»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»10«/mn»«mrow»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»9«/mn»«/mrow»«/msup»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#160;«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»=«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»+«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«/menclose»«/math»

حصلنا على معادلتين في مجهولين، نقوم بحل المعادلتين:

«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«menclose mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨ notation=¨box¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»=«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#183;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«/menclose»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«menclose mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨ notation=¨box¨»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»8«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#183;«/mo»«msup»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»10«/mn»«mrow»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»9«/mn»«/mrow»«/msup»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#160;«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»=«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»+«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«/menclose»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»8«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#183;«/mo»«msup»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»10«/mn»«mrow mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»9«/mn»«/mrow»«/msup»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#160;«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#FF0000¨»2«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#FF0000¨»§#183;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#FF0000¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#FF0000¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#FF0000¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»+«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»3«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#183;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»8«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#183;«/mo»«msup»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»10«/mn»«mrow mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»9«/mn»«/mrow»«/msup»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«menclose mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨ notation=¨circle¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»=«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»2«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨».«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»66«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#183;«/mo»«msup»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»10«/mn»«mrow»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»9«/mn»«/mrow»«/msup»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»C«/mi»«/menclose»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#183;«/mo»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»=«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#183;«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»(«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»2«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨».«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»66«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»§#183;«/mo»«msup»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»10«/mn»«mrow mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»9«/mn»«/mrow»«/msup»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨ mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨»)«/mo»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«menclose mathcolor=¨#0000FF¨ notation=¨circle¨»«msub»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»Q«/mi»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»1«/mn»«/msub»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»`«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»=«/mo»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»5«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨».«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»33«/mn»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»§#183;«/mo»«msup»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»10«/mn»«mrow»«mo mathvariant=¨bold¨»-«/mo»«mn mathvariant=¨bold¨»9«/mn»«/mrow»«/msup»«mi mathvariant=¨bold¨»C«/mi»«/menclose»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«mspace linebreak=¨newline¨/»«/math»